Anesthesia in Patients With Traumatic Facial Injury ( Chapter 1.1 ) Clinical Question: What are the comparative benefits and harms of general and local anesthesia in patients with traumatic facial injury? Author Recommendation: In adults with acute facial trauma, in…
Background Facial Transplantation Experience The first facial transplantation was completed in France in 2005. Since that time, over 37 facial transplantations have been performed around the world. Of these cases, at least 28 have been the result of facial trauma.…
Background Injury to the peripheral nerve branches of the craniofacial region can arise from a variety of surgical procedures. Common elective procedures such as dentoalveolar surgery, dental implant placement, endodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, and facial esthetic surgery can result in…
Background In order for a person to perceive facial pain, there must be a peripheral nerve pathway for neural impulses to travel from the site of injury into the central nervous system. The classic facial pain, “trigeminal neuralgia” or “tic…
Background Since its emergence in the late 1980s, computer-assisted surgery (CAS) has become an increasingly important adjunct to craniofacial reconstruction. The refinement of virtual surgical planning (VSP) coupled with the availability of 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques has enabled easier and…
Background The preoperative planning and technical execution of craniofacial microsurgical reconstruction following traumatic injury is inherently complex. Patients may present with injury to any combination of tissue layers – including skin, vasculature, muscle, nerves, and bone – and reconstructive options…
Background Craniofacial injuries are ideally treated in the acute setting. In certain circumstances, it is appropriate for treatment to be delayed. Resuscitation and treatment of life-threatening injuries in multiple trauma victims may preclude facial trauma treatment. For example, the treatment…
Background The replacement of missing structures in the head and neck region has been a concern for many centuries, with the fabrication of maxillofacial prosthetic restorations being mentioned since the 16th century, with the first mention often credited to Ambroise…
Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex and unique joint unlike any other joint in the body, with both translational and rotational function, and repetitive complex movement patterns to accommodate the functions of speech, mastication, and swallowing. For these…
Background Unless there has been a loss of substance of portions of the maxilla and mandible, most traumatic disruptions of the maxilla and mandible are well corrected by placing the patient in the pretraumatic dental occlusion, plating the fractured segments…