Introduction Intraoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a skill that most anesthesiologists are experts at and are frequently called upon to perform. CPR usually follows cardiac arrest, which itself is a very serious event that has multifactorial causes. Some events leading…
Introduction Patients, who are undergoing neurosurgical procedures, may be at risk of developing cardiac problems, intraoperatively as well as during the recovery period. Many of the intracranial lesions due to their related pathophysiological changes can lead to significant perturbations of…
Definition Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) refers to the condition in which a thrombus develops within the intracranial venous system. It is an uncommon cause of stroke that can affect a patient of any age. Venous Anatomy Venous drainage of the…
Pathology of the central nervous system remains the leading cause of indirect maternal mortality. While some disease processes predate pregnancy, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, benign intracranial lesions, and migraine, there are other conditions that have an increased incidence during…
Introduction In the middle of the past century, Bedford in his retrospective study first described the adverse effect of anesthesia in elderly patients. Considering the extended lifespan and growing number of aged population, health professionals are now facing this problem…
Introduction The world is getting grayer as a result of the improvements in technology and health care facilities. The burden of disease has increased with the mean age of the population as has the stress on overstretched health care resources…
Introduction Children can present for various intracranial surgeries, which include intracranial tumors, vascular malformations [arteriovenous (AV) malformations, Moyamoya disease], and spine surgeries (e.g., scoliosis, release of tethered cord, laminectomies, etc.). Neonates and infants can present for craniosynostosis correction, congenital hydrocephalus…
Overview Advances in neurosurgery and neuromonitoring have dramatically improved the outcome in neurologically injured patients. Most of these advanced technologies have been utilized in the adult population and have also been extrapolated to children with improved perioperative outcome. Pediatric neurosurgical…
Introduction Neurosurgical infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are not particularly common but have potentially serious consequences with poor outcomes including death. This chapter focuses on the antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis of important infections associated with neurosurgical procedures and…
Introduction Neurological critical care has evolved rapidly over the past 25 years. A rational amalgamation of the science of critical care with developments in neurosciences has paved way for a modern neurological intensive care unit (ICU). Comprehensive general medical care…