General Body Measures Body Mass Index BMI=WeightHeight2 B M I = Weight H e i g h t 2 W weight (kg) H height (cm) Body Surface Area (Mosteller Formula) BSA=W×H√60 B S A = W × H 60 W…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Introduction Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for intraoperative planning is well established in the armamentarium of surgeons, cardiologists, and anesthesiologists. The use of intraoperative TEE has become the standard of care during cardiac surgery, and the intraoperative echocardiographer (IE), generally an anesthesiologist,…
Introduction Despite advances in imaging technology over the past 20 years, echocardiography has maintained its central role in cardiovascular medicine. Although some of this relates to the fact that echocardiographic technology is also progressing steadily, the primary reason is by…
Introduction Echocardiography is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. The detailed cardiac structural and functional information that echocardiography provides, coupled with its portability and lack of ionizing radiation, has established this imaging modality as a…
Introduction Although Moore’s law of increasing computing capabilities (including processing power and memory) has propelled the development of all imaging modalities, its most tangible manifestation has been in the field of ultrasonography. Unrestrained by the physical limitations (gantry size and…
Introduction Due to improvements in surgical techniques and medical therapies in recent years, there has been an increase in survival to adulthood in those with complex congenital heart disease. While complex congenital heart disease requires a careful and individualized approach,…
Introduction Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) represent the most common type of congenital heart disease in childhood (∼40%). As a significant proportion of VSDs spontaneously close in childhood (predominantly muscular defects), the prevalence in adulthood decreases and is closer to 25%.…
Introduction Atrial septal defects (ASDs) occur in 0.1% of the population and represent the largest group of congenital defects in the adult population. Echocardiographic evaluation of ASDs should include characterization of the defect, evaluation for additional associated lesions, and description…
Introduction Approximately two out of every five people will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetime. Significant improvements in cancer care have improved 5-year survival for all cancer sites from 49% in 1980 to 67% currently, such…