Risk Vascular rings account for <1% of cardiovascular malformations that require surgical correction. Double aortic arch is the most common form of complete ring that encircles both the trachea and the esophagus. Race/gender predilection: None. Perioperative Risks Recurrent respiratory infections…
Risk Violation of pt autonomy and self-determination if DNR orders are not reconsidered and honored for the periop period. Increasing numbers of pts have some form of advance directive. Approximately 15% of surgical pts have DNR orders. Perioperative Considerations Resuscitation…
Risk More prevalent in developed countries; common in the UK and other parts of northern Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, but uncommon in southern Africa, the Middle East, the Far East, and the Pacific Islands. Prevalence in developing…
Risk Most common coagulopathy in the ICU. 1% of all hospital admissions. Evidence of a coagulopathy in the DIC spectrum approaches 90% in cases of severe sepsis. The most important initiator of DIC is sepsis, along with trauma (hypovolemic shock,…
Risk Approximately 0.001 cases per 100,000 population in USA since 1980 (<5 cases a year). Endemic in developing countries. Still common in countries where mass immunization programs are not enforced. After political changes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia at…
Risk DCM is a largely irreversible form of heart muscle disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1:2500; it is the third most common cause of CHF and most frequent cause for heart transplantation. DCM leads to progressive CHF, ventricular and…
Risk 1:4000 births with variable penetrance Worry About Cardiac anomalies Immunodeficiency and poor wound healing Palatal anomalies Hypocalcemia Seizures Difficult mask/intubation Overview Chromosome deletion 22q11.2. Classic triad: Conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. Clinical phenotype varies with mild-to-severe forms…
Risk Incidence in USA: 200–300 million new cases/y of acute, with >900,000 hospital admissions Chronic: 1–5% of population; increasing with age; female at greater risk than male Acute: Male and female equivalent Perioperative Risks Hypovolemia with hemodynamic instability Electrolyte abnormalities,…
Risk Occurs in approximately 1 in 2500–5000 births; 12–25% have associated anomalies, in particular cardiac (20%), chromosomal (5–16%), and neurologic. Parents who have one child with isolated defect have 2% chance with next child. Usually left sided (90%) due to…
Risk Typically seen in pts with type I diabetes mellitus; can occur in pts with ketosis-prone type II diabetes. Stress related to acute infection, trauma, surgery, MI, pulm embolism, pancreatitis, alcohol abuse, stroke, emotional trauma, or drugs (steroids, thiazides, sodium-glucose…