Risk 8% of all CHD pts. 11% of pts with intracardiac or aortopulmonary shunt, allowing continuous exposure of pulm vasculature to systemic arterial pressure. VSD is the most common lesion. Perioperative Risks High risk of cardiovascular complications when undergoing noncardiac…
Risk EDS has an overall incidence of 1:10,000-25,000, with no ethnic predisposition. Six major subtypes, each with slightly different and unique phenotypes. Symptoms involve skin, ligaments, joints, and vessels. Perioperative Risks Valvular abnormalities or major vessel dissection/aneurysm Unstoppable bleeding Pneumothorax…
Risk Incidence varies from 0.01–0.1% of pregnancies in developed countries. Occurs in 1–3% of pts with preeclampsia. Risk factors include age <20 y old, nulliparity, anemia, diabetes, and preexisting heart disease. Perioperative Risks Eclampsia is a factor in approximately 10%…
Risk Men approximately equal to women. Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis (hydatid disease) in people exposed to feces of dogs and other canids in endemic areas of nearly every continent. E. multilocularis causes alveolar echinococcus in people exposed to feces…
Risk Incidence: Rare; <1:200,000 live births Accounts for <1% of congenital heart disease Perioperative Risks Arrhythmias (approximately 20–25% incidence of accessory pathways) Intracardiac shunting Cyanosis and associated problems (e.g., polycythemia, hyperviscosity, altered vascular function, impaired cardiopulmonary performance) Ventricular volume overload…
Risk Incidence 1:5000–10,000 live births Male to female incidence is equal Trisomy 21 in 20–30% 45% are premature infants of pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios Incidence of polyhydramnios 32–81% Mortality 3–5%; due not to duodenal atresia but to associated CHD or…
Risk X-linked recessive; 1:3500 live male births; few known cases in females. Often undiagnosed until age 3–5 y; periop complications can occur before diagnosis. Deterioration through puberty to death usually before age 25 y. Periop risks may be present in…
Risk Major risk is hemorrhage, especially CNS or GI. Incidence: Risk of hemorrhage in 1–7.4% of pts chronically anticoagulated. Risk is dose-related and proportional to PT prolongation. Risk of hemorrhage doubles as INR increases from 2.0–2.9 to 3.0–4.4. It further…
Risk “Hallucinogen” with primary effects of heightened or distorted mood, thought, and sensory perception. The hallucinogen class includes LSD, mescaline, phencyclidine, and psilocybin. These drugs cause tolerance and psychological drug dependence but not physical drug dependence or withdrawal. Initially marketed…
Risk Trisomy 21 is the most common autosomal aneuploidy; approximately 1:1000 live births. 80% of children with this condition survive beyond 1 y; average life expectancy 60 y. Increased incidence in mothers >35 y, but most are born to younger…