Risk Pts undergoing any surgical procedure are at risk. It is especially of concern following brain or cardiac surgery or interventional neuroradiology procedures and in pts with COPD, cancer, renal or hepatic failure, and those with lyte abnormalities. Post–liver transplant.…
Risk Hepatic cirrhosis has a prevalence of about 1–3:1000. At the time of diagnosis of cirrhosis, 50% of pts will already demonstrate sequelae of portal hypertension. Also, in the setting of schistosomiasis (mainly in developing countries), portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari…
Risk Combined incidence (infantile vs. late-onset): 1:40,000. Infantile form has higher incidence in African-American and Chinese populations. Late-onset disease has a higher incidence in the Netherlands. Perioperative Risks Respiratory insufficiency Aspiration pneumonia Pulm edema Myocardial ischemia Worry About Respiratory insufficiency,…
Risk Annual incidence in USA: 5.5:1,000,000, most prevalent among black women Annual incidence around the world: 1.9-7.7:1,000,000, although comprehensive epidemiologic data are lacking Perioperative Risks Delayed recovery from muscle relaxation Aspiration pneumonitis Cardiac arrhythmias CHF Worry About Increased risk of…
Risk Prevalence: 22:100,000; twice as high among men as women. Higher prevalence in Jewish people of European origin. Prevalence increases with advancing age (rare in those <30 y). Perioperative Risks Risk of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary emboli Risk of coronary,…
Risk Acute disease eradicated in USA and most of Europe owing to effective vaccination (last USA case reported in 1979 and last case in the western hemisphere in Peru in 1991). Small parts of Africa and Asia still have areas…
Risk Incidence of VAP is 1.2–8.5:1000 ventilator days; occurs in 9–27% of intubated mechanically ventilated pts Risk greatest in the first 5 d of mechanical ventilation Increased risk: Male sex; admission for trauma; underlying disease severity; surgery; previous antibiotic exposure…
Risk Incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization is 24.8:10,000 individuals. Incidence is 9 times higher among those 65 y of age or older (compared with age group 18–49). Incidence is 25 times higher among those 80 y of age or older…
Risk PJP is a respiratory infection seen in immunocompromised pts, usually associated with a CD4 cell count <500 Can affect pts with both acquired and congenital immunodeficiency syndromes. Seen in both males and females and all age groups. Often associated…
Risk Obstetric factors: Primigravidy, assisted delivery, low birth weight, preterm birth Infant factors: Limited neck ROM, male sex, larger CSF spaces, preference to sleep with head turned to one side. Infant care factors: Spends most time in supine position without…