Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a widely applied quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to characterize tissue microstructure throughout the body. In addition to quantifying the amount of water diffusion hindrance by tissue, DTI also captures the orientational bias (anisotropy)…
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Non-Gaussian Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Introduction The role of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has expanded into many clinical applications, including differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions, preoperative staging, evaluation of high-risk patients, and implant assessment. For…
The normal breast tissue undergoes marked alterations in size, shape, and function in response to the onset of puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Both endogenous (early menarche, older age at first pregnancy, and nulliparity) and exogenous (use of hormonal replacement…
List of Abbreviations ADC apparent diffusion coefficient BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System BPS background parenchymal signal DCE dynamic contrast-enhanced DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ DWIST Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening Trial DW MRI diffusion-weighted MRI EPI echo-planar imaging…
Preoperative, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), in which systemic therapy is administered before surgery, is used to downstage primary breast cancers while reducing the risk of recurrence. NAC often results in complete eradication of tumor at the time of surgery (pathological…
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originating from the epithelial cells lining the milk ducts. This heterogeneity has been observed in histology for a long time and formed the backbone of the traditional pathology-driven classification of breast cancer.…
The Need for Reducing Unnecessary Biopsies in Breast MRI Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast—referred to as standard breast MRI throughout this chapter—is considered the most sensitive test for diagnosis of malignant breast lesions. Standard breast…
Before the development of mammography, the detection of abnormalities in the breast was largely based on visual inspection and palpation. This has dramatically changed in the last half of the 20th century. The successive development of mammography, ultrasound, and breast…
The concept of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerged in the mid-1980s, together with the first images of water molecular diffusion in the human brain, as a way to probe tissue structure. Since then, diffusion MRI has become a pillar…