List of abbreviations CSF cerebrospinal fluid SCI spinal cord injury MRI magnetic resonance imaging CNS central nervous system MS multiple sclerosis Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe social–economic problems, because it is observed mostly among younger adults. The…
Abbreviations ADL activities of daily living ASIA American Spinal Injury Association BPI brief pain inventory CHART Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique FSFI female sexual function index HRQOL health-related quality of life ICF International Classification of Functioning disability and health…
Abbreviations APRIL a proliferation-inducing ligand ASIA American Spine Injury Association AZGP zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein B2M β2 microglobulin BAFF B-cell activating factor BCMA B-cell maturation antigen BSCB blood spinal cord barrier CathD cathepsin D CCL2 chemokine ligand 2 CD95L CD95…
List of abbreviations AASM American association of sleep medicine AHI apnea hypopnea index AQOL assessment of quality of life BMI body mass index COSAQ randomized controlled trial of CPAP for OSA in Quadriplegia CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CSA central…
List of abbreviations ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome bDMARDs biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs CT computerized tomography Covid-19 coronavirus disease 2019 GCs glucocorticoids HPA hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal IUC indwelling urethral catheter ICU intensive care unit ISNCSCI International Standards for Neurological Classification of the…
List of abbreviations 10-MWT 10-Meter walking test 6-MWT 6-Minute Walking Test ADL activities of daily living BBS Berg balance scale CHIEF Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors FIST function in sitting test FOF fear of falling FES I The Falls…
List of abbreviations ADL activities of daily living AIS ASIA impairment scale FES functional electrical stimulation SC spinal cord SCI spinal cord injury Introduction Spasticity is a common complication after spinal cord injury (SCI) that occurs in the context of…
Abbreviations BOLD blood oxygen level-dependent CS cervical spondylosis CST corticospinal tract CSM cervical spondylosis myelopathy DTI diffusion tensor imaging FA fractional anisotropy FC functional connectivity GM gray matter fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging MD mean diffusivity MR magnetic resonance MRI…
Abbreviations 25(OH)D 25 hydroxyvitamin D aBMD areal bone mineral density AIS ASIA Impairment Scale BMD bone mineral density BMI Bone Mass Index BWSTT body-weight exercises supported treadmill training CTX-I type I collagen C-telopeptide DEXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry EMS electromyostimulation ES…
Abbreviations aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time CSCM Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine CT computed tomography CTPA CT pulmonary angiography CUS compression ultrasonography DVT deep venous thrombosis GCS graduated compression stockings IPCD intermittent pneumatic compression device IVCF inferior vena cava filter…