The majority of entities in this chapter can be further classified according to the algorithm in Fig. 109.1 . Open full size image Fig. 109.1 Further classification of benign epidermal proliferations. Although the term solitary lichenoid keratosis is sometimes used,…
Synonyms ▪ Solar keratosis and senile keratosis are non-preferred synonyms for actinic keratosis (solar keratosis is abbreviated to SK, causing confusion with seborrheic keratosis) ▪ Bowen disease: squamous cell carcinoma in situ , intraepidermal carcinoma ▪ Basal cell epithelioma and…
Key features ▪ Oncogenes act in a dominant fashion and gain-of-function results in increased cellular proliferation ▪ Tumor suppressor genes act in a recessive fashion and loss of normal function results in uncontrolled growth ▪ TP53 , the gene that…
Introduction This chapter will cover several disorders of the skin vasculature, including livedo reticularis, flushing and erythromelalgia, as well as vascular ectasias such as telangiectasias and venous lakes. Some of the diseases described here are important skin signs of systemic…
Synonyms ■ Ulcer – wound, sore ■ Venous ulcer – ulcer due to venous insufficiency/venous hypertension ■ Arterial ulcer – ulcer due to atherosclerosis ■ Neuropathic ulcer – mal perforans ■ Livedoid vasculopathy – atrophie blanche, livedoid vasculitis ■ Pressure…
Synonyms ▪ Vascular birthmarks; mature angiomas [misnomer]; angiodysplasias ▪ Capillary malformation (CM): port-wine stain, nevus flammeus ▪ Venous malformation (VM): cavernous angioma [misnomer], cavernous hemangioma [misnomer], phlebectasia ▪ Lymphatic malformation (LM): lymphangioma, lymphangioma circumscriptum, lymphangioma simplex, cystic hygroma, cavernous lymphangioma…
Synonyms ▪ Hemangioma of infancy ▪ Hemangioma Key features ▪ The most common benign soft tissue tumor of infancy ▪ Demonstrate a typical growth pattern characterized by early proliferation followed by gradual, spontaneous involution ▪ Distinct histopathologic and immunohistochemical features…
Key features ▪ Cutaneous blood vessels and lymphatic vessels play important roles in skin inflammation and tumor progression ▪ Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are major skin angiogenesis factors ▪ Expression of VEGF and PlGF…
Synonyms ▪ Lipodystrophy: lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy Key features ▪ Lipodystrophies are inherited or acquired disorders characterized by a paucity or complete absence of fat that may be generalized, partial or localized; lipohypertrophy may accompany the lipoatrophy ▪ Though the terms lipodystrophy…
Introduction Panniculitis is a diagnostically challenging arena for dermatologists and pathologists. Terminology is difficult, partly because various names have been applied to the same disorder (e.g. nodular vasculitis and erythema induratum), and partly because new discoveries have resulted in the…