Skeletal Tumors Imaging Techniques Many imaging modalities are available for the evaluation of skeletal lesions. In most cases, standard radiographs are sufficient for detecting skeletal tumors. When evaluated together with clinical data (e.g., patient's age and sex, anatomic location of…
CT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging According to the cascade model by Nesto et al., myocardial ischemia is preceded by alterations in blood flow. Therefore stress myocardial perfusion imaging holds the potential to detect coronary artery disease at an early stage before adverse…
The coronary arteries are vessels that course through the epicardial fat to supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood. There is a great deal of variability in the anatomy of the coronary arteries from person to person, and the size and…
Imaging Considerations of the Female Pelvis Imaging of the female pelvis plays a critical role in the diagnosis and evaluation of various gynecologic diseases. Typically ultrasonography (US) is used as first-line evaluation of the female genital organs. The lack of…
Introduction Evaluation of the male pelvis can be performed with several imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US), depending on the clinical indication and anatomic region of interest. US may be the first study…
Introduction The retroperitoneum is the compartmentalized space located external to and predominantly posterior to the posterior parietal peritoneum. About half a century ago, the retroperitoneum was described as a “veritable jungle of strange things” and as a “hinterland of straggling…
Computed tomography (CT) is a rapid, easily performed, and safe diagnostic imaging technique that provides valuable information about a wide spectrum of renal disorders. CT is highly accurate for determining the nature and extent of renal masses and plays a…
Introduction In 1564, Bartolomeo Eustachius (1520-1574) was the first anatomist to give a detailed description of the adrenal glands, which he depicted in a series of drawings on copper plates. However, the function of the adrenal glands remained a mystery…
Since the introduction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) technology, the number of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT studies has steadily increased. In addition the patient population subjected to CT is becoming progressively older with more comorbid conditions. The benefits of contrast-enhanced…
Anatomy The rectum and anal canal form the terminal part of the intestine. The rectum varies in length from 10 to 15 cm and extends from the rectosigmoid junction at the level of the S3 sacral vertebra to the anorectal line.…