Extensor Tendons Extensor tendon injuries of the foot and ankle are uncommon, but understanding their diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity from neglected care. Anzel et al evaluated 1014 cases of tendon injuries at the Mayo Clinic and noted that…
Hallux Rigidus Definition The term hallux rigidus describes a painful condition of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe characterized by restricted motion (mainly dorsiflexion) and proliferative periarticular bone formation. It was initially reported in 1887 by Davies-Colley, who…
Introduction Midfoot arthritis is a common source of foot pain and deformity. There are numerous underlying etiologies resulting in arthritis of the midfoot of which posttraumatic arthritis is the most common. Nonoperative treatment of midfoot arthritis can be effective. If…
Hindfoot and pantalar arthritis causes debilitating pain and functional limitation and is frequently associated with varus or valgus deformity, prior trauma, or inflammatory arthritis. Arthrodesis was initially described in 1878 as a way of stabilizing the foot for paralytic deformities.…
Introduction and Etiology Avascular necrosis (AVN, or osteonecrosis) is death of bone due to lack of blood supply. The talus is at risk for vascular insult due to the nature of its limited and tenuous blood supply. AVN of the…
Total ankle replacement (TAR) is increasingly recommended as a treatment option in patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. Ankle arthrodesis can no longer be accepted as the sole gold standard procedure for end-stage ankle arthritis. Between 2005 and 2014, diagnosis-adjusted rates…
The considerable morbidity imposed by degenerative joint disease of the ankle has driven new approaches to the treatment of ankle arthritis. Compared with the other major lower extremity joints, the ankle possesses unique anatomic, biomechanical, and biologic characteristics that make…
Arthritic Conditions of The Foot Overview Arthritis is the destruction of articular cartilage. Approximately one fourth of the human population will develop foot pain during their lifetime, and a significant percentage of this is due to arthritis. Several types of…
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an exaggerated response to injury or immobilization, which, at times, leads to devastating chronic pain and disability. It involves an aberrant reaction of multiple aspects of the nervous system that persists long after the…
This chapter describes and discusses disorders caused by neurologic disease that affect the adult and adolescent foot and ankle. It is divided into three sections: general considerations , congenital neurologic disorders , and acquired neurologic disorders . Both congenital and…