Key Concepts Iris defects not only cause light sensitivity and glare but may also cause monocular diplopia, shadow images, and contrast degradation. The type of suture repair for an iris depends on the size and location of the defect as…
Key Concepts Careful history and examination documentation are required for ocular trauma patients. Tissue adhesive may repair corneal perforations less than 2 mm in diameter. Careful primary surgical repair may eliminate the need for secondary surgical intervention. Wound override should…
Key Concepts Amniotic membrane (AM) promotes epithelialization, inhibits inflammation, and has antimicrobial properties with negligible immunologic response. As a graft, AM is used in cases of epithelial and stromal defects. Epithelialization occurs over the AM. As a patch, the AM…
Key Concepts Amniotic membrane (AM) promotes epithelialization, inhibits inflammation, and has antimicrobial properties with negligible immunologic response. As a patch, the AM acts as a biologic contact lens that reduces inflammation and promotes epithelialization beneath. In partial limbal deficiencies, AM…
Key Concepts Conjunctival flaps are a well-established treatment modality for corneal and ocular surface disorders. Indications include persistent corneal epithelial defect, bullous keratopathy, corneal and scleral melting, corneal perforation, unresponsive ulcerative infectious keratitis, corneal limbal disease, glaucoma surgery complications, lacrimal…
Key Concepts While restoration of the ocular surface is the central aim of pterygium surgery, this is more difficult to achieve for recurrent pterygium. Reconstructive rather than destructive techniques are more likely to achieve this goal with reduced risk of…
Key Concepts Pterygium is a fibroproliferative condition of the ocular surface linked to chronic ultraviolet light exposure and is common in geographical regions with warm climates. Simple bare sclera excision of a pterygium is associated with high rates of recurrence…
Key Concepts The best candidates for excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) are eyes with anterior corneal pathology (top 10%−15%) and certain elevated lesions. Eyes with recurrent erosions that do not respond to other treatments are also good candidates for PTK.…
Key Concepts Corneal micropuncture, diamond burr, and phototherapeutic keratectomy are useful techniques for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosions. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) application for chelation and scraping is an effective treatment for band keratopathy. Selective epithelial debridement can be used…
Key Concepts Therapeutic keratoplasty is indicated for recalcitrant infectious, inflammatory, or noninflammatory conditions of the cornea, including trauma, which threaten the integrity of the globe. Penetrating and lamellar are the two types of therapeutic keratoplasty, and each has advantages and…