Blinking is a high-speed closure movement of the eyelids of short duration and has both reflex and spontaneous origins. Reflex blinking can be elicited by a variety of external stimuli, such as strong lights, approaching objects, loud noises and corneal,…
Although grading performance can be enhanced by interpolation to the nearest 0.1 grade unit, most practitioners find the process of mental interpolation between two discrete grading steps to be quite difficult, notwithstanding the fact that this task becomes easier with…
In all health care disciplines, it is important to record as accurately as possible the clinical signs observed in patients. Classically, this has involved a discursive account of the condition being entered on a record card. The severity of the…
The slit lamp biomicroscope has been the primary instrument for examining the anterior ocular structures since its invention in the early part of the 20th century. In particular, this versatile instrument is invaluable in assessing the effect of contact lens…