In addition to the basic choice of transducer type and frequency for the examination in hand, there are many other factors on a Doppler ultrasound system which need to be adjusted. Despite the efforts of the manufacturers to automate and…
Background In the past 15–20 years, the practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has moved from a technique used in a few centres to a widely employed imaging modality that is used worldwide. This change in practice has been facilitated by…
Introduction Ultrasound is the preferred modality for performing imaging-guided interventional procedures. Advantages over other modalities such as CT include real-time guidance allowing precise needle placement, portability, relatively low cost, and lack of ionising radiation. , The addition of colour Doppler…
The circulatory changes that occur during pregnancy involve modification of vascular structure within the uterus (spiral arteries), the development of a neocirculation (the placenta and the fetus), a redistribution of blood flow and alteration in circulating blood volume such that…
Introduction Ultrasound is integral to modern gynaecological practice. This has been recognised by bodies such as the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, who have made ultrasound part of the core requirements in their training modules. Assisted conception units have…
Introduction Scrotal sonography was first introduced in the mid-1970s. It remains the imaging modality of choice because it is simple, relatively inexpensive, and quick. Continuing refinements in imaging technology with higher-frequency transducers, and increased Doppler sensitivity have greatly enhanced perception…
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are made to Reginald Bruskewitz, MD; Mike Ledwidge, RDMS, RVT; Jeanne Johnson and Mercedes Kirk. Introduction Common indications for penile imaging are for evaluation of erectile dysfunction, trauma, priapism, penile carcinoma and Peyronie’s disease. Because it is a…
Indications The most important use of colour Doppler imaging of the prostate remains as an aid in cancer detection. This is particularly relevant in patients in whom cancer is suspected based on prostate specific antigen (PSA) elevation without obvious tumour…
Acknowledgements Thanks to Dr Luis Fernandez, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin for manuscript review, Mercedes Kirk and Jeanne Johnson for manuscript preparation and Mike Ledwidge, RT, RDMS, for image preparation. Introduction The number of transplant candidates on waiting lists…
Renal Vascular Doppler Ultrasound Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the kidneys, especially in patients with borderline renal function, the incidence of which is increasing. In comparison with other modalities, ultrasound has the distinct advantage of…