Seventy percent of the total blood flow to the eye travels through the vascular network that is the choroid. Its primary function is to provide nutrients to the outer retinal structures, as well as the foveal avascular zone. However, there…
Choroidal Rupture Jorge Ruiz-Medrano Jay Chhablani Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Madrid, Spain LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India Abstract Choroidal ruptures involve a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane, and choroidal tissue as a consequence of trauma…
Introduction Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) was first described as a type of macular disorder presenting with recurrent subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage by Yannuzzi et al . in 1982. Similar cases have then been described by Kleiner and Stern. Initial findings…
The differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors affecting the choroid can be particularly challenging due to the wide variety of such tumors. Choroidal tumors are both rare and highly diverse, and for this reason, diagnosis can be quite complex, which is…
Choroidal and Retinal Vasculature—Why Should We Evaluate the Choroid in Retinal Vascular Diseases? The retina has two sources of oxygenation. The inner retina is supplied with oxygen by the retinal vasculature, whereas the outer retina, especially the photoreceptor layers, is…
Introduction The choroid is a highly vascular tissue, per unit weight, the choroid is the tissue with the highest blood flow in the body. The choroid is an integral part of the nutrient and oxygen exchange with the outer third…
Introduction Severe visual loss may occur among patients with infectious posterior uveitis and chorioretinitis, especially if there is a delay in the diagnosis. A number of infectious agents can affect the retinochoroidal tissue resulting in intraocular inflammation. These include a…
Introduction Uveitis includes a complex group of inflammatory eye diseases. Anatomically, there are four main groups of uveitis: anterior uveitis, which affects anterior segment of the eye; intermediate uveitis, which primarily involves the vitreous and peripheral retina; posterior uveitis, which…
Introduction Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a multisystem autoimmune disease that targets melanocytes. The hallmark is bilateral granulomatous panuveitis with associated serous retinal detachments. It was first described by Alfred Vogt in Switzerland in 1906. In Japan in 1914, Yoshizo Koyanagi…
Introduction High myopia, defined as a spherical equivalent equal or higher than −6 diopters (D) or an axial length ≥26 mm, is one of the leading causes of low vision worldwide. The higher the myopia, the more likely complications can…