Open techniques are occasionally necessary for acute dislocations. Closed reduction with intravenous analgesia or sedation with general anesthesia should be attempted first for most uncomplicated dislocations. If general anesthesia is necessary, operating room personnel should prepare for the possibility of…
Approximately 2 million long bone fractures are treated in the United States each year. Of this number, about 100,000 result in nonunion. Nonunions can be very problematic not only to the patient but also to society in general. Patients with…
A malunited fracture is one that has healed with the fragments in a nonanatomic position. Whether the deformity is unsightly or not it can impair function in several ways: (1) an abnormal joint surface can cause irregular weight transfer and…
Trauma to the upper extremity often presents a difficult challenge for orthopaedic surgeons; whether the problem encountered is a fracture, fracture with dislocation, or severe injury to the soft tissues or neurovascular elements. The ultimate functional results after injuries in…
Acetabular Fractures The management of acetabular fractures is one of the most, if not the most, complex aspect of orthopaedic trauma. It involves a definite learning curve, probably best documented in a report by Matta and Merritt of the first…
As the number of hip fractures continues to increase in the United States (with an estimated 458,000 to 1,037,000 hip fractures per year by 2050 in patients 45 years old or older), orthopaedic surgeons will be called on to help…
This chapter discusses the surgical management of common fractures in the lower extremity in adults. Basic techniques of fixation are discussed in Chapter 53 . The treatment of lower extremity fractures in children is discussed in Chapter 36 . Nonoperative…
Accidental injury is the most common cause of death in the United States in individuals between the ages of 1 and 45 ( Table 53.1 ). In 2017 nearly 8.6 million accidental (unintentional), nonfatal falls were reported in the United…
Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the upper extremity has become much more common as surgeons have developed proficiency with the arthroscope and appropriate instrumentation has been developed. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy, disorders, arthroscopic variations, and pathologic findings of…
Knee The knee is the joint in which arthroscopy has its greatest diagnostic and intraarticular surgical application. The usefulness of arthroscopic techniques in diagnosis and treatment of intraarticular pathology has been well documented. Arthroscopy should be considered a diagnostic aid…