The fetal abnormalities described in this chapter are those most likely to be assessed by a pediatric radiologist who primarily performs fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), radiography, and ultrasound. These additional modalities are particularly useful for acquiring…
Anatomy of the Skull The skull is divided into three portions: the neurocranium, the face, and the base. The neurocranium is composed of the membranous portions of the occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal bones, and is bounded inferiorly by the…
Thyroid Gland Embryology The name “thyroid” is derived from the Greek word for shield due to the gland's shape and relationship with the laryngeal thyroid cartilage. The human thyroid gland has a dual embryonic origin. The two thyroid cell types,…
Cancer is a leading cause of death during childhood, second only to trauma in children between the ages of 5 and 14 years. Head and neck involvement can be seen in up to 12% of childhood cancers. Lymphoma (50%) and…
Primary inflammatory processes in the pediatric neck are common, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) allows for characterization of the involved spaces, detecting complications, and determining appropriate clinical management. Pharyngotonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess Overview. Acute infectious pharyngitis and tonsillitis are common…
Congenital lesions of the neck consist of a variety of entities, some of which become apparent at birth or shortly thereafter, whereas others present later in life. This chapter will focus on congenital lesions that can be recognized in the…
Embryology of the Neck Accurate diagnosis and successful treatment of congenital anomalies and masses of the neck are dependent on an understanding of the complex embryologic development of this region and the anomalies that result from abnormal development. This chapter…
Overview Pediatric neoplasms of the temporal bone are relatively infrequent. However, the imaging specialist has to be familiar with the common malignancies and their imaging appearances. One important task of the radiologist is to define the extent of the lesion…
Infectious and inflammatory disorders commonly involving the temporal bone; external, middle, and inner ear; and the facial nerve are discussed in this chapter. The auricle, the cartilaginous canal, and the external auditory canal (EAC) comprise the external ear, with the…
The discussion of congenital and neonatal temporal bone abnormalities in this chapter is approached from lateral to medial. External canal atresia and associated middle and inner ear anomalies are discussed initially. Isolated middle ear anomalies with associated branchial arch malformations…