Since its introduction in the early 1990s as a promising functional imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET) and subsequently PET combined with computed tomography (PET/CT), has gained widespread acceptance in several oncologic procedures such as tumor staging and restaging, treatment…
Various breast symptoms and clinical problems are encountered in both benign breast conditions and breast cancer. This chapter briefly describes these conditions and elucidates how to distinguish them from malignancy. The Male Breast: Gynecomastia and Male Breast Cancer The incidence…
Breast reconstruction is commonly performed for breast augmentation, for breast reduction, or for reconstruction after breast cancer surgery. Current breast reconstruction techniques are diverse and may involve the use of an implant, autologous tissue, or a combination of the two.…
This chapter provides an overview of clinically driven breast cancer evaluation; the sequence of events after a breast cancer diagnosis; locoregional breast cancer treatment options, including sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy; the normal postoperative breast; postradiation therapy change; ipsilateral breast…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for breast cancer than standard x-ray mammography or ultrasound, when using dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) methods after administration of intravenous (IV) gadolinium-based contrast agents. Breast MRI both detects breast cancer and distinguishes it from…
Imaging-guided biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions is an essential component of breast imaging services. Percutaneous biopsy provides a diagnosis with minimal patient trauma. If it is cancer, the patient and her team can decide on lumpectomy versus mastectomy, with definitive…
Ultrasound (US) is a useful adjunct to mammography for diagnosis and management of benign and malignant breast disease. Technical advances have resulted in consistent, reproducible, high-resolution clinical US images. Although whole-breast automated scanners are now available and increasing in use,…
A breast mass is one of the most frequent presenting features of breast carcinoma. Benign masses usually have round or oval shapes with pushing or circumscribed borders and do not invade normal surrounding tissue. Malignant masses are often irregularly shaped…
Breast calcifications are commonly seen on mammograms, are usually composed of calcium carbonate, and are mostly seen in benign entities. However, breast calcifications also form in breast cancer and are sometimes the only sign that something is wrong on the…
In the United States, statistics indicate that one in eight American women will develop breast cancer if women live a 90-year life span. The incidence of breast cancer in women in the United States is rising, and although the rate…