Introduction Epidemiology and Etiology Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a distinct geographic and ethnic distribution, which is a result of a multifactorial etiology. NPC is rather rare in many parts of the world such as North America, but it is considered…
Introduction Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second most common in females worldwide. The main causes of failure for treatments are local recurrence and distant metastases, especially when vital organs such as…
Introduction The most common adult intracranial neoplasms are metastatic brain tumors. Metastatic tumors account for approximately 20–40% of all brain tumors and outnumber primary brain tumors 10 to 1 ( ). Two hundred thousand new cases of metastatic brain tumors…
Introduction Kidney cancer is among the 10 most common cancers in Western communities and accounts for almost 3% of worldwide adult malignancies. Each year worldwide, around 270 000 cases of kidney cancer are diagnosed and 116 000 people die from the disease.…
Introduction The standard approach to locally advanced esophageal carcinoma has evolved in recent years and currently involves the use of a multimodality approach with the use of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation followed by esophagectomy. Although the treatment goal is to…
Introduction Melanoma is a malignancy that originates primarily in the skin ( ), although melanomas can also arise from melanocytes in other pigmented tissues such as the uvea of the eye. Although there have been many improvements in the diagnosis,…
Introduction Incidence of Melanoma Brain Metastases Brain metastases (BMs) of melanoma are associated with a relatively poor prognosis and can affect quality of life. Unfortunately, BMs are a common event in metastatic melanoma. Symptomatic BMs represent the initial site of…
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women, accounting for 23% of all female cancers globally ( ). The etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial, involving diet, reproductive factors, and hormones. The overall incidence is higher in developed…
Introduction Brain metastases (BM) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and represent the most common intracranial tumors in adults, occurring in ∼20–30% of cancer patients ( ; ). With advances in diagnostic techniques and improvements in the treatment…
Introduction Breast cancer is a frequent source of systemic metastatic disease. The spread of cancer cells, from a primary location to multiple sites in the body, was first labeled as “metastasis” (Greek: displacement, μɛτα′ = next + στα′σιζ = placement) by Jean Claude Recamier in 1829.…