Introduction Tuberous breast deformity is a congenital anomaly with widely variable morphologic presentation. The etiology remains uncertain, although it is postulated that the deformity has an embryologic origin with a possible genetic predisposition; however no clear link has yet been…
Introduction Poland syndrome is a complex malformation syndrome and was first described by Alfred Poland in 1841 and in French literature by Lallemand in 1826. The diagnosis is clinical and the malformations are not life-threatening. The impact is mostly psycho-social…
Introduction Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the most recent advancement in the surgical management of breast cancer, allowing for complete preservation of the nipple–areola complex along with the breast skin envelope. Initially, NSM was largely limited to utilization in prophylactic cases.…
Introduction Nipple–areola complex (NAC) reconstruction can be an important part of breast reconstruction and will definitely add an aesthetic component of breast reconstruction. Without NAC reconstruction, it usually gives the impression that the breast reconstruction has not been completed. Therefore,…
Introduction Autologous fat grafting to the breast is a widely used and accepted adjunct in breast reconstruction today. The technique involves harvest of fat from patient-specific donor sites, fat processing, and subsequent transfer in order to improve depressions and step-offs,…
Introduction To reconstruct total mastectomy defects, implants and flaps were traditionally the only available options. Fat grafting, for total breast reconstruction, is now an evolving third alternative. Over the past 15 years we have refined this procedure and we are…
Introduction Achieving optimal symmetry is the primary goal of unilateral and bilateral breast reconstruction. In cases of unilateral breast reconstruction, which is the focus of this chapter, this often requires a secondary procedure on the ipsilateral breast and/or contralateral breast.…
Introduction Partial breast reconstruction using large volume displacement oncoplastic techniques has become an important part of reconstructive practice. As an option for women with breast cancer who undergo breast conservation therapy (BCT), this approach has many proven benefits. In some…
Introduction Breast conservation surgery (BCS) has become an alternative technique to mastectomies as a consequence of its lower morbidity, sensitivity preservation and equivalent overall survival rate. BCS reconstruction consists of a concept that combines BCS with techniques of breast reshaping…
Introduction Breast conserving therapy (BCT) with partial mastectomy followed by radiation therapy is the gold standard of early stage invasive breast cancer treatment, with an equivalent 5-year survival rate to that of mastectomy alone with stage I or II breast…