◆ The ability to perform coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) competently without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is an important skill for all cardiac surgeons. There are cases in which a safe coronary revascularization procedure can only be performed as…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ◆ The named epicardial coronary arteries that serve as the distal anastomotic targets for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are most commonly located just deep to the epicardial fat and superficial to the myocardium. The arteries,…
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy 1 Ascending Aorta ◆ Cannulation sites on the ascending aorta should be as high as safely possible. Surgeons today more frequently perform complete arterial revascularization, which in some cases may require delicate proximal anastomoses of arterial…
◆ The median sternotomy was reintroduced by Julian in 1957, which was already described by Milton in 1897. The median sternotomy has become a gold standard approach for cardiac procedures, with subsequent developments in cardiac surgery. The skin incision could…