Peroxides

Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is an antimicrobial and keratolytic agent used in the treatment of acne; it is also added to some foods. It is a catalyst for cross-linking in the production of plastics and is occasionally used in acrylic resin systems (for example composite dental fillings, dental prostheses), in which it is formed during the cross-linking process. It is also a component of bone cement.

Carbamide peroxide

Carbamide peroxide is a solid which contains equal proportions of hydrogen peroxide and urea. When dissolved in water it releases free hydrogen peroxide and is used as a tooth whitener [ ].

Hydrogen peroxide

Solutions of hydrogen peroxide containing 5–7% H ₂ O ₂ are used for cleaning wounds and ulcers. The disinfectant and deodorant actions of hydrogen peroxide occur by oxidation of cell materials during the rapid release of oxygen while hydrogen peroxide is in contact with the tissues. The solution does not penetrate well, but the effervescence provides a mechanical means for detaching necrotic tissue from inaccessible parts of wounds. It should not be used in closed body cavities. The germicidal action of hydrogen peroxide is relatively weak and of short duration.

Residues on insufficiently rinsed equipment disinfected by hydrogen peroxide can provoke local irritation, burns, and general reactions. Non-specific inflammation has been reported, with instantaneous blanching and effervescence on the surfaces of the intestinal mucosa during endoscopy [ ].

Methylethylketone peroxide

Methylethylketone peroxide is a high explosive that is used in dilute solution as a catalyst to initiate crosslinking of unsaturated polyester resins. Ingestion can cause widespread liver necrosis, extensive gastrointestinal ulceration with scarring and stenosis; a severe metabolic acidosis can occur, through accumulation of formic acid and other organic acids, and can result in neurological damage, including optic nerve damage; N -acetylcysteine may prevent some of these effects [ ].