Cancer, Bladder

Primary risk factor is smoking; smokers are more than twice as likely to get bladder cancer compared with nonsmokers.

Incidence: males 37 per 100,000; females 9 per 100,000.

No associated increased risk with alcohol or caffeine consumption.

Median age of diagnosis: 73 y.

Greater for Caucasian than for African Americans.

Quitting smoking decreases risk over time (baseline in 5–8 y).

Incidence on a decline since 1999.

Risks vary based on surgical procedure and coexisting disease

Chemotherapy: Pulm fibrosis and renal and cardiac dysfunction

Fatty infiltration of liver in those with poor nutritional status

Protein-calorie malnutrition resulting from cancer, metabolism, anorexia, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and dehydration

Transitional cell cancer generally a systemic disease at time of Dx; 60% of patients will die of metastatic complications.

Pts are typically elderly with long Hx of smoking, thereby promoting concurrent diseases: COPD, lung CA, atherosclerosis, angina, CAD, CHF, and Htn.

Chemotherapy/radiation therapy may be used preop, thus complicating periop period.