Cause, clinical and ultrasound findings

  • Reasons for the injection include inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis.

  • Functionally limiting pain and swelling may be present.

  • Findings may include hypoechoic fluid as well as tissue (synovial proliferation) with or without neovascularity bulging out of the joint, bony protrusions (osteophytes) and loss of integrity at the articular surface, visible in two planes (erosions).

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