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Introduction Augmentation cystoplasty is traditionally indicated for small-capacity, poorly compliant bladders, refractory to more conservative treatment strategies. Aggressive pharmacological therapies with anticholinergics or β3-mimetic drugs, intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin, and sacral neuromodulation have reduced the need for augmentation cystoplasty…
Introduction Currently available systems for robot-assisted surgery are operator-robot systems that lack operational autonomy. The robotic console is the interface between the surgeon’s hands and the surgical instruments. It is the “cockpit” of the robotic system. The surgical console consists…