Oxidative stress is increased in heart failure (HF), and experimental studies suggest that this contributes to structural and functional changes in the heart that are central to both cardiac dysfunction and disease progression. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems (…
Inotropic and vasoactive agents often play an important role in the management of hemodynamic instabilty in the intensive care setting. This chapter discusses the relevant pharmacology and clinical indications for the parenteral inotropic, vasodilator, and vasoconstrictor agents most frequently used…
Heart failure has become an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and in other industrialized nations. Despite improvement in heart failure treatment, its prevalence continues to rise, in large part as a result of the…