1. How does a “hypertensive emergency” differ from “hypertensive urgency”? A “hypertensive emergency” is a clinical situation in which severely elevated blood pressure is associated with acute, progressive target-organ damage that needs to be treated immediately with a safe and…
1. Besides renovascular and the traditional endocrine causes of hypertension, what are eight uncommon, but important, causes of secondary hypertension? Obstructive sleep apnea (typically causing hyperaldosteronism) Drug-induced hypertension (especially nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, steroids, and/or other immunosuppressants) Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism more…
Hyperaldosteronism 1. What is hyperaldosteronism? Hyperaldosteronism is a disorder with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms resulting from excessive effects of aldosterone or a similar mineralocorticoid agent, which typically include: Hypertension: usually unresponsive to angiotensin converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin…
Acknowledgments The author thanks Shakaib U. Rehman, MD, the late Donald G. Vidt, MD, and Jan N. Basile, MD, for their contributions to previous editions of this chapter. High blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, remains a major worldwide public health…