THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD) has been favorably altered over the past several decades by remarkable advances in medical and surgical care. These refinements have resulted in decreased morbidity and improvement in long-term outcomes in affected children.…
Congenital Heart Disease Incidence Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, affecting approximately 1% of live births. Although CHD represents the leading cause of neonatal mortality, advances in medical and surgical management over the past several decades,…
Risk Incidence: Rare; <1:200,000 live births Accounts for <1% of congenital heart disease Perioperative Risks Arrhythmias (approximately 20–25% incidence of accessory pathways) Intracardiac shunting Cyanosis and associated problems (e.g., polycythemia, hyperviscosity, altered vascular function, impaired cardiopulmonary performance) Ventricular volume overload…