RENAL DISEASE Normal renal function is important for the excretion of anesthetics and medications, maintaining fluid and acid–base balance, and regulating hemoglobin levels in the perioperative period. Renal disease is quite prevalent in patients presenting for surgery and is associated…
Key Points ▪ Innervation of the intraabdominal components of the genitourinary system—the kidney and the ureter—is primarily thoracolumbar (T8-L2). The nerve supply of the pelvic organs—the bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and urethra—is primarily lumbosacral with some lower thoracic input. ▪…
Case Synopsis An otherwise healthy 70-year-old man undergoes combined transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) under spinal anesthesia with sedation. His blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg, heart rate is 68 beats…