Introduction The retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) are a small chain of lymph nodes located in the retropharyngeal space (RP) where they are divided into the medial and lateral groups. The boundaries of the RP are the carotid sheath laterally, skull…
Introduction Many patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) present with metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. Metastatic carcinoma in the neck without an identifiable primary cancer is defined as a squamous cell carcinoma of the…
Introduction Although nonsurgical methods such as electrolarynx and esophageal speech are available for patients, tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is considered the best means of voice restoration after total laryngectomy (TL). A TEP allows a patient to channel air from the lungs…