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Methods of Examination There has been little evolution in methods of examination since the previous edition. Ultrasound (US) continues to be the method of choice for imaging the scrotal contents but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to play an increasing…

Congenital Anomalies Normal Development Detailed embryological development of the kidneys and ureters will not be described in detail. The kidney precursors initially develop in the pelvis and ascend to their normal positions lateral to the proximal lumbar spine by 8…