Lengthening the short nose is one of the most difficult challenges in rhinoplasty. Etiologies for the development of a short nose include congenital, traumatic, iatrogenic (previous surgery), infectious, and granulomatous factors. Regardless of the cause, short nose correction requires the…
The importance of the middle third of the nose has been increasingly recognized in recent years. Reductive rhinoplasty techniques performed without regard for the structural integrity of this region can cause structural and functional compromise. In this chapter, the anatomy,…
Videos available online INTRODUCTION The principle of Z-plasty is one of the most versatile concepts in reconstructive surgery. The dynamics of tissue movement that occur with Z-plasty are particularly suited for certain types of scar revision. A clear understanding of…
Key Points Cleft lip and palate deformities constitute the most common congenital defects of the head. The etiology of clefting is multifactorial. Its prevalence varies among ethnic groups and within families. Syndromes are common, especially among patients with cleft palate.…
Key Points Eyes play a central role in human communication because they allow for expression of emotions through nonverbal cues. Periorbital muscle activity allows for expression of emotions through the eyes. A thorough understanding of facial and eye anatomy is…