Key Points 1. The portability, ease of use, and rapid diagnostic capability of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) make it the diagnostic modality of choice during acute hemodynamic instability. 2. Qualitative analysis of a condensed TEE examination aids in efficiency during the…
Key Points 1. Excellent cardiac and hemodynamic management is essential to achieving good outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly those undergoing high-risk noncardiac surgery. 2. Much cardiovascular information can be obtained from the standard American Society of Anesthesiologists monitors,…
Key Points 1. Because of successes in treating congenital cardiac lesions, there are currently as many as or more adults than children with congenital heart disease (CHD). 2. Noncardiac anesthesiologists see these patients for a vast array of ailments and…
Key Points 1. Active fixation leads can penetrate through structures (e.g., the thin-walled right atrium) during placement and present as pain, pneumomediastinum, or effusions. 2. Active rate modulation in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) may result in heart rate changes…