Introduction Most of the bleeding that occurs during surgery or in association with trauma is mechanical and usually can be controlled. In contrast, nonsurgical bleeding most commonly is caused by the concomitant administration of antithrombotic medications, and less commonly by…
Duplex scanning of the mesenteric vessels is performed to determine the presence, location, extent, and severity of stenosis, aneurysm, or other disease of the mesenteric arteries. It includes assessment of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the celiac artery (CA), and…
Historical Background Venous interruption for the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) was introduced by Homans in 1934. Although his initial description involved ligation of the femoral vein, surgical techniques soon evolved, focusing on interruption at the level of the inferior…
Historical Background and Epidemiology of Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) ranges from 5 to 9 per 10,000 person-years in the general population, and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined as DVT and pulmonary…