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Introduction The spine is a complex anatomical structure composed of vertebrae, intervertebral discs and ligaments. All of these structures may undergo degenerative, morphological and functional changes with age. The intervertebral discs are part of the connection between two adjacent intervertebral…
Anatomy Anatomically the spine is organised segmentally, consisting of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 (fused) sacral and 3 to 5 coccygeal vertebrae. Each level, except C1, consists of the following elements: a vertebral body (corpus vertebrae) anteriorly and…