Introduction The distinction between primary and secondary tumors of the ovary is one of the more difficult morphologic dilemmas in gynecologic pathology, because there are similarities in both clinical and histologic features in many cases. The reported frequency of metastatic…
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Historical and Clinical Background Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms in the cervix have been described in various terms in the literature, such as carcinoid tumor, endocrine carcinoma, small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. In 1997,…
Introduction The clinician and pathologist must recognize benign cysts and adnexal lesions of the vulva to exclude more serious conditions and avoid misclassifying them as malignancies ( Table 5.1 ). They typically do not pose a diagnostic problem with the…
Introduction A variety of organisms can infect the female genital tract, accounting for considerable suffering and morbidity ( Table 4.1 ). Some, such as candidal infections, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis, are extremely common and may cause significant discomfort, but with…