Introduction ■Cancer immunotherapy has come a long way since its inception centuries ago when, in 1777, the surgeon to the Duke of Kent injected himself with malignant cells in an effort to develop a cancer vaccine. The ability to harness…
Introduction Prior to the 1990s, cytotoxic chemotherapy was used uniformly for all malignancies. This resulted in heterogeneous responses even within a specific tumor type. As insight was gained about the role of driver mutations (key alterations in the oncogenic addiction…
Introduction Respiratory insufficiency in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy often is a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Patients receiving chemotherapy are frequently immunosuppressed and may have concurrent bone marrow suppression, or pulmonary involvement from underlying malignancy, making the differential diagnosis of respiratory…