21.1 Introduction 1. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and nearly tripled worldwide between 1975 and 2016. 2. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight, and…
20.1 Introduction Obesity is associated with various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, asthma, and arthritis. All these conditions contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in gynaecology surgery. Obese women with metabolic syndrome (specifically hypertension and diabetes) who…
16.1 Overview 1. Cancer development is stimulated by genetic components, environmental exposures, and lifestyle exposures; all impact the cellular microenvironment and initiate carcinogenesis. 2. Links between obesity and cancer have been documented for hormonally influenced cancers such as endometrial and…
11.1 Introduction Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common condition that affects 20%–30% of women during their reproductive age and has a major impact on women’s quality of life. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) has defined HMB…
1. Sexual health is an important part of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. 2. The association between obesity and physical illness is well established. 3. There is a growing recognition of the negative impact that obesity can have…
5.1 Introduction Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity. National Institute of Health has laid out criteria for a group of patients who should be considered suitable for bariatric surgery: 1. Body mass index (BMI)>40. 2. BMI…
1. Obesity continues to be a major public health concern across the globe. 2. The prevalence of obesity has doubled over the past 30 years with 15% of women worldwide classified as obese as of 2014. 3. It is reported…
Hirsutism affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age. The incidence of hirsutism is highly variable depending on location and ethnicity, being higher in those of African or Mediterranean origin. It affects self-confidence, image and the quality of life…
2.1 Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria, the prevalence of PCOS ranges between 6% and 10% and with utilisation…
1. Obesity among children, adolescents, and adults is set to be one of the most important public health concerns of the 21st century. 2. Over the last three decades, the incidence of obesity in childhood and adolescence has been a…