Introduction The decision to proceed with ethmoidectomy in the context of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) should be based on the patient’s pathology, degree of symptoms, and response or lack of response to appropriate medical therapy. The goal is to eliminate…
Introduction The nasal septum plays an important role in the structural and physiologic functions of the nose, contributing to nasal shape, appearance, and laminar airflow. The septum is made up of three distinct layers. Superficially, the mucosa is made up…
Introduction The most common structural cause of persistent nasal obstruction unresponsive to nasal decongestants or medical therapy is a deformity of the nasal septum. Septal deformities may be cartilaginous, bony, or both, with tilts to the septum, curves, spurs, twists,…