Patellar instability is a broad topic that encompasses a continuum of patellar abnormalities. To address this complex topic, it is important to first define several terms. During the normal knee flexion cycle, the patella tracks in the center of the…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO), often performed in conjunction with other proximal realignment procedures, is an effective treatment to address patellofemoral instability, patellar and trochlear focal chondral defects, and patellofemoral arthritis. TTO is a powerful tool that can…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Diagnostic arthroscopy provides the surgeon with an important tool to evaluate the shoulder joint and subacromial space. Potential benefits are numerous and complications infrequent. Important points Beach chair and lateral decubitus positioning both have advantages and disadvantages;…