Essentials 1 The decision to transfuse packed red cells should ultimately be based on the knowledge that the patient’s oxygen carrying capacity has dropped to an unacceptably low level. 2 The administration of blood products carries substantial risk. The emergency…
Essentials 1 Haemophilia is a disorder that should be managed by the emergency physician in consultation with the nearest haemophilia centre. 2 Patients should carry their treatment regimen cards with them. If they do not, they should be encouraged to…
Essentials 1 The lifetime risk of developing kidney stones is 1 in 10 for men and 1 in 35 for women. 2 Approximately 75% of all stones are calcium based. 3 Management usually comprises adequate analgesia and hydration. 4 Computed…
Essentials 1 Avoiding blood and other body fluid exposure remains the primary means of preventing occupationally acquired blood-borne virus infections. 2 The risks of acquiring infection after occupational exposure to blood-borne viruses are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 0.3%, hepatitis B…
Essentials 1 Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection. 2 By age 32, 50% of women will report at least one UTI. 3 Sexual activity is the most important risk factor in young women. 4 Most UTIs…