Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that approximately 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) have a normal or almost normal ejection fraction (see also Chapter 11 ), referred to variably as diastolic HF or HF…
1 How many heart transplants are performed in the United States each year? Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the first human allograft transplant in 1967. Approximately 3000 heart transplants now occur each year, most commonly for nonischemic cardiomyopathy (51%) and coronary…
This chapter addresses the long-term management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced (depressed) ejection fraction (HFrEF). The management of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is discussed in Chapter 23 . The management of patients…