The fetus is in a state of physiologic pulmonary hypertension. The PaO 2 in the descending aorta of the fetus is approximately 20 to 25 mm Hg with an oxygen saturation (Sa o 2 ) of 55% to 58% (…
KEY POINTS 1. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) represents continued high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after birth resulting in extrapulmonary shunting of the blood from pulmonary to systemic circulation, leading to hypoxemia. 2. The disorder can be idiopathic…
KEY POINTS 1. Knowledge of the normal physiologic transition from fetal to neonatal life and potential disruptions of this process is vital to a comprehensive understanding of neonatal resuscitation. 2. Preparation of personnel and equipment prior to resuscitation is essential.…
Key points Lung vascular development occurs as highly choreographed sequence, regulated by hypoxia inducible factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, and other transcription factors and mediators. In addition to arterial vessels, pulmonary veins are highly reactive vessels that contribute…
Introduction Acute pulmonary hypertension (aPH) in the neonatal period is common in sick newborn infants being treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The causes and underlying pathophysiology are multifactorial. Acute pulmonary hypertension in the newborn is secondary to…
Introduction Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a syndrome of failed circulatory adaptation at birth, which is seen in about 2 in 1000 live-born infants; the incidence has not changed significantly over the last 20 years. , The…