Introduction Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is defined as a communication between the aorta and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AEF is classified as primary or secondary based on the underlying cause leading to the fistula development. Primary AEF is a communication between the…
Historical Background Traditionally, the preferred treatment to restore adequate blood flow to the visceral organs was open surgical bypass. This treatment resulted in significant morbidity and mortality rates, ranging from 12% to 33% and 2% to 15%, respectively. In 1980…
Aortic and peripheral arterial diseases may coexist in patients with hypertension. Although aortopathies and peripheral arterial disease can be seen in isolation, more often than not they present in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension being chief among them.…