The practice of transfusing blood has been around for centuries. The science of transfusion medicine started in the early twentieth century with the discoveries of human blood types and sodium citrate. Human blood typing is the pillar and foundation for…
Key Points ▪ Appropriate reversal of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade is essential to avoid adverse patient outcomes. Complete recovery of muscle strength should be present, and the residual effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) should be fully pharmacologically reversed (or…
Key Points ▪ More than 5 of the world’s 7 billion people lack access to safe anesthesia and surgical services. Surgical disease accounts for 30% of global disease burden, yet less than 1% of development assistance for health supports delivery…