Plate 3-1 Open full size image SCROTAL WALL The testicles are maintained in position within the scrotal cavity by the structures of the spermatic cord. Each testicle and spermatic cord is invested in six distinct tissue layers that are acquired…
PELVIC STRUCTURES The relationships of male pelvic structures are illustrated in these complementary sagittal views—a paramedian and a median section. In the lower median view, the complete course of the urethra from the bladder to the meatus at the end…
Plate 1-1 Open full size image GENETICS AND BIOLOGY OF EARLY REPRODUCTIVE TRACT DEVELOPMENT Most living species have some form of sex-determination system that drives the development and expression of sexual characteristics in that organism. Sex determination can be genetic…
Description Vacuum-assisted birth is a method of assisting or expediting vaginal vertex birth through the application of a vacuum-assist device. Operative vaginal birth can be faster and safer than cesarean birth in many cases. Discussion here is limited to vacuum-assisted…
Description Simple urodynamic testing involves the measurement of bladder function that is conducted using simple equipment readily found in an office setting. Indications Urinary incontinence (stress, urge, mixed, overflow). May be used as an adjunct to the evaluation of interstitial…
Description Complex urodynamic testing involves the measurement of bladder function that is conducted using specialized equipment or techniques. Indications Urinary incontinence (stress, urge, mixed, overflow). May be used as an adjunct to the evaluation of interstitial cystitis or other urinary…
Description Injection of steroids or local anesthetics into selected fascial and subcutaneous locations thought to give rise to pain and other symptoms. Response to trigger point injection routinely persists longer than the duration of action of the agent used. This…
Description Transvaginal (also called endovaginal) ultrasonography is a technique for ultrasonographic visualization of the uterus and adnexa using an ultrasonographic probe placed in the vaginal canal. The superior resolution of transvaginal ultrasonography derives from the proximity of the ultrasonographic transducer,…
Description Etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implants provide reliable reversible contraception, but they must be removed after 3 years of use or if a return to fertility is desired. Indications Desired return of fertility or the completion of the useful life of…
Description The etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon) is a single-rod progestin contraceptive placed under the skin of the inner upper arm that provides up to 3 years of reversible contraception. The implant is a 40- × 2-mm semirigid ethylene vinyl acetate rod…