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Introduction Bilateral neck exploration (BNE) with the identification of at least four parathyroid glands and the removal of pathologic parathyroid tissue has represented, for several decades, the standard of treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) (see Chapter 56 , Standard Bilateral…
Video 34.1 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy. This chapter contains additional online-only content, including exclusive video, available on expertconsult.com . Introduction The conventional surgery for neck endocrine diseases is generally performed using traditional Kocher incision, which is characterized by a standard…