The supraclavicular approach is a mainstay in the surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), providing excellent exposure for safe and definitive decompression of the relevant neurovascular structures and the flexibility to manage the spectrum of circumstances that may be…
The clinical presentation of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) depends on the specific structures compressed, giving rise to three distinct conditions: neurogenic TOS, venous TOS, and arterial TOS. All three types are rare conditions, and diagnosis dependd on clinical suspicion,…
Historical Background Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is recognized to encompass three conditions: (1) neurogenic TOS, caused by compression of the brachial plexus nerve roots within the scalene triangle, subcoracoid space, or both; (2) venous TOS, caused by compression of the…