Abstract Metabolic acidosis is the acid–base disturbance that is initiated by a primary decrease in the plasma [HCO 3 − ]. The acidemia leads to a time-dependent and quantitatively predictable ventilatory response, i.e., a secondary decrease in CO 2 tension…
Homeostatic control of acid–base parameters within discreet limits is vital to all living organisms. Acid–base disturbances are conditions that reflect abnormal underlying physiologic processes that can stem from a broad range of etiologies. In humans with a filtration-reabsorption nephron design,…
To maintain acid–base balance, the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the lumen at a rate equal to the sum of extrarenal acid generation and bicarbonate filtration. In this chapter we review the cellular mechanisms responsible for transepithelial hydrogen secretion…
Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume is determined by the balance between sodium intake and renal excretion of sodium. Under normal circumstances, wide variations in salt intake lead to parallel changes in renal salt excretion, such that ECF volume is maintained within…