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Introduction The operating room (OR) is a dynamic environment characterised by multilayered social interactions, unpredictability, low tolerance for mistakes and high expectations. The orthopaedic OR is exceptionally dynamic, with operations on patients of all ages from neck to toe with…
Introduction Abundant research has elucidated the many biomechanical and functional characteristics of the meniscus, including its role in providing translational stability, rotational stability, proprioception and absorption of a significant proportion of load dispersed at the tibiofemoral joint. , , Thus…
Anatomy and Function The lateral aspect of the knee is composed of 28 unique structures that act as static and dynamic stabilisers of the knee during varus and rotational motion. To properly appreciate the anatomy and function of these structures,…
Introduction The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the largest and strongest ligament in the knee, with a unique innate healing capacity. Therefore, as opposed to other ligaments such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), injuries to the PCL less commonly…
Knee ligaments are responsible for providing the static stability of the knee, control of kinematics, and prevention of abnormal rotation and/or displacement that may damage the articular surfaces or the menisci. Knee dislocations are rare and are estimated to account…
Introduction Multiligament injuries can pose challenging scenarios in terms of treatment protocols because of the complex nature of the injury mechanisms and potential complications that may occur. A knee dislocation is defined as an episode where at least two of…
Introduction Research regarding the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee has significantly improved our understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics it encompasses, yielding vital information regarding the three major stabilizing structures of the PLC: the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (FCL),…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis When reconstructing several knee ligaments, there is an increased risk of reconstruction tunnel convergence on both the tibia and femur; therefore, planning tunnel position and orientation is crucial. Tunnel convergence can compromise ligament reconstructions and fixation, ultimately…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis When the conservative management of medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears fails or, in severe cases, if valgus gapping is present in full extension, an anatomic medial knee reconstruction technique is preferred. This technique provides quality restoration of…